What is Addiction?
The fact is that drug addiction is not restricted to substance abuse and the addict lack of capability to control and consume drugs is one of the symptoms of addiction disease. Drug addiction is a multi-faceted disease beyond a physical illness. Addiction disease is a physical, emotional, mental, behavioral and spiritual disease
The physical aspect of addiction disease is its compulsory and without discretion consumption. Regardless of the amount and the interval of the addict consumption, and regardless of for how long they have managed to stop using drugs, as soon as they relapse whether after some days or some years, they will lose to control their consumption leading them into consuming drugs compulsorily
The mental aspect of addiction disease is the temptation or severe desire to use drugs, even when the addict life is exposed to complete destruction. Although substance abuse gradually makes the addict towards death and destruction, they madly continue to use substance
The spiritual aspect of the addiction disease is to be severe self-centered
Although, addicts experience psychiatrists, hospitals, treatment centers, travel, romantic relationship, new job and so on and fails, they stubbornly insist that whenever they want, they can quit drugs
The side effects and symptoms of addiction disease include denying, replacing, justifying, distrusting others, feeling guilty and embarrassed, homelessness, humiliation, isolation and loss of freedom. Addiction is a progressive, incurable and fatal disease, but understanding that this problem is a disease not a moral weakness, takes heavy burden on the shoulder of the addict By accepting their addiction, addicts take the first and most important step of the treatment
The definition of addiction
Addiction is a biological, psychological and social disease. There are various factors which affect the etiology of substance abuse interacting with each other leads to the onset of consumption then addiction. The factors affecting the person, the environment and social factors are all cross-cutting factors influencing each other. Understanding all the reasons and factors of the addiction makes the trend of prevention, identification, treatment and follow up be purposefully programed
It is a biological phenomenon that allows the organism to gradually adapt itself to some of the toxic substances and suffer the daily consumption of some of these substances which are fatal for ordinary organism
It is a mode making a person sequentially or alternately consumes drugs. With the use of narcotic drugs, the irritability of nerve cells increase, so more medication will be needed to return it to a balanced mode (the definition of physiologists). It is an acute or chronic intoxication which is harmful for the person and society as well resulting from using natural or chemical medications
In academics, the term “dependency” is used
As you know, there are three groups in the context of addiction
Individuals who never use drugs
Individuals who use drugs at a low or moderate level
Individuals who suffer from disorders of drug consumption
Addiction disease is in the two forms of substance abuse and dependency
Drug Use
It is included to use a legal drug for once (in the case of illegal drugs, even to use a drug for once is considered abuse)
Substance Abuse
It means that although a person is not addicted to a substance, they use it; in other words, substance abuse means
Using a substance which is illegal
Using a substance that its consumption causes some mental changes in the person
Using a substance that harms the person or others
Diagnostic criteria for substance abuse
To diagnose substance abuse, at least one of the followings is required (during the last 12 months)
The continuity of substance abuse which would disrupt social, occupational and recreational activities (for instance absence from school or failure to do occupational responsibilities)
The continuity of substance abuse in dangerous situations (for instance while driving or working with mechanical tools)
Occurrence of repeated law violations (for example being taken to the police station)
The continuity of substance abuse despite the occurrence of social and inter personal problems (for example conflict between spouses)
Please note that substance abuse is a light form of dependency
For instance
Opium use in Iran is illegal, so even consuming it for once is an abuse
The use of cannabis causes the person to lose consciousness, so it is an abuse
Drinking alcohol sometimes causes anger and aggression, so drinking it is an abuse
Dependency
It is a clinical syndrome with behavioral, cognitive and physiological demonstration which makes the person prefer drug consumption to other behaviors
“Dependency” occurs as a result of repetitive consumption of addictive drugs
In the case dependency, nerve cells get accustomed to regular exposure of drugs, and only do their duties and actions naturally when exposed to drugs
When substance consumption is discontinued, there will appear some physical reactions called withdrawal symptoms
Withdrawal symptoms can be very severe so that the person may relapse in order to get rid of them
Substance makes the sense of euphoria and pleasure
This mode can be a positive strengthener when interacting with the rewarding path in the brain